Country Guide

Austria Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia


Geographic coordinates:
47 20 N, 13 20 E


Map references:
Europe


Area:
total:83,871 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 114
land:82,445 sq km
water:1,426 sq km


Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Maine


Land boundaries:
total:2,524 km
border countries:Czech Republic 402 km, Germany 801 km, Hungary 321 km, Italy 404 km, Liechtenstein 34 km, Slovakia 105 km, Slovenia 299 km, Switzerland 158 km


Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)


Maritime claims:
lowest point:Neusiedler See 115 m
highest point:Grossglockner 3,798 m


Natural resources:
oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower


Land use:
arable land:16.25%
permanent crops:0.77%
other:82.98% (2011)


    Irrigated land:
1,170 sq km (2007)


Total renewable water resources:
77.7 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
77.7 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
landslides; avalanches; earthquakes


Environment - current issues:
some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Austrian(s)
adjective:Austrian


Ethnic groups:
Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)


Languages:
German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)


Religions:
Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)


Population:
8,223,062 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 95


Age structure:
0-14 years:13.6% (male 573,146/female 546,596)
15-24 years:11.6% (male 488,564/female 468,891)
25-54 years:42.9% (male 1,766,729/female 1,756,880)
55-64 years:12.7% (male 515,913/female 528,988)
65 years and over:19.2% (male 670,750/female 906,605) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:49.1 %
youth dependency ratio:21.6 %
elderly dependency ratio:27.6 %
potential support ratio:3.6 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:44.3 years
male:43.2 years
female:45.3 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
0.01% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 191


Birth rate:
8.76 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 214


Death rate:
10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 42


Net migration rate:
1.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 50


Urbanization:
urban population:67.7% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:0.48% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
VIENNA (capital) 1.72 million (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.73 male(s)/female
total population:0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
28.5 (2011 est.)


Maternal mortality rate:
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:4.16 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 196
male:5.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female:3.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


    Life expectancy at birth:
total population:80.17 yearscountry comparison to the world: 32
male:77.25 years
female:83.24 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
1.43 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 202


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
69.6%


Health expenditures:
10.6% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
4.86 physicians/1,000 population (2010)


Hospital bed density:
7.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.3% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 88


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
15,000 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 90


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 124


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
20.9% (2008)country comparison to the world: 93


Education expenditures:
5.9% of GDP (2010)country comparison to the world: 44

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:98%
male:NA
female:NA


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:16 years
male:15 years
female:16 years (2011)


Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:8.3%country comparison to the world: 120
male:8.8%
female:8.7% (2012)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Austria
conventional short form:Austria
local long form:Republik Oesterreich
local short form:Oesterreich


Government type:
federal republic


Capital:
name:Vienna
geographic coordinates:48 12 N, 16 22 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October


Administrative divisions:
9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Karnten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)


Independence:
12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)


National holiday:
National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality


Constitution:
several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2008 (2013)


Legal system:
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court


International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction


Suffrage:
16 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Heinz FISCHER (SPOe) (since 8 July 2004)
head of government:Chancellor Werner FAYMANN (SPOe) (since 2 December 2008); Vice Chancellor Michael SPINDELEGGER (OeVP) (since 21 April 2011)
cabinet:Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
elections:president elected for a six-year term (eligible for a second term) by direct popular vote and formally sworn into office before the Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung; presidential election last held on 25 April 2010 (next to be held on 25 April 2016); chancellor formally chosen by the president but determined by the coalition parties forming a parliamentary majority; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
election results:Heinz FISCHER reelected president; percent of vote - Heinz FISCHER 79.33%, Barbara ROSENKRANZ 15.24%, Rudolf GEHRING 5.43%
note:government coalition - SPOe and OeVP


Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; delegates appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve five- or six-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected by popular vote for a five-year term under a system of proportional representation with partially open party lists)
elections:National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held by September 2018)
election results:National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 27.1%, OeVP 23.8%, FPOe 21.4%, Greens 11.5%, Team Stronach for Austria 5.8%, NEOS - The New Austria 4.8%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 53, OeVP 46, FPOe 42, Greens 22; Team Stronach for Austria 11, NEOS - The New Austria 9


Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of five judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president
subordinate courts:Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts


    Political parties and leaders:
Alliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Josef BUCHER]
Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Michael SPINDELEGGER]
Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]
Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]
The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]
NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ]
Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN]
'Team Stronach for Austria' [Frank STRONACH]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic)


International organization participation:
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Hans Peter MANZ (since 2 December 2011)
chancery:3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035
telephone:[1] (202) 895-6700
FAX:[1] (202) 895-6750
consulate(s) general:Chicago, Los Angeles, New York


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Alexa L. WESNER (since 6 September 2013)
embassy:Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna
mailing address:use embassy street address
telephone:[43] (1) 31339-0
FAX:[43] (1) 3100682


Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner


National symbol(s):
golden eagle, Alpine gentian, edelweiss


National anthem:
name:'Bundeshymne' (Federal Hymn)

lyrics/music:Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)
note:adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as 'Land der Berge, Land am Strome' (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was now associated with the Nazi regime

Economy

Economy - overview:
Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. Following several years of solid foreign demand for Austrian exports and record employment growth, the international financial crisis of 2008 and subsequent global economic downturn led to a sharp but brief recession. Austrian GDP contracted 3.8% in 2009 but saw positive growth of about 2% in 2010 and 2.7% in 2011. Growth fell to 0.6% in 2012. Unemployment did not rise as steeply in Austria as elsewhere in Europe, partly because the government subsidized reduced working hour schemes to allow companies to retain employees. The 2012 unemployment rate of 4.3% was the lowest within the EU. Stabilization measures, stimulus spending, and an income tax reform pushed the budget deficit to 4.5% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011, from only about 0.9% in 2008. The international financial crisis of 2008 caused difficulties for Austria's largest banks whose extensive operations in central, eastern, and southeastern Europe faced large losses. The government provided bank support - including in some instances, nationalization - to support aggregate demand and stabilize the banking system. Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, but it faces external risks, such as Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe as well as political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis. In 2011 the government attempted to pass a constitutional amendment limiting public debt to 60% of GDP by 2020, but it was unable to obtain sufficient support in parliament and instead passed the measure as a simple law. In March 2012, the Austrian parliament approved an austerity package consisting of a mix of expenditure cuts and new revenues that will bring public finances into balance by 2016. In 2012, the budget deficit rose to 3.1% of GDP.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$361 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
$359.6 billion (2012 est.)
$356.5 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$417.9 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
0.4% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
0.9% (2012 est.)
2.8% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$42,600 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$42,500 (2012 est.)
$42,300 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
23.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
24.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
24.5% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:54.6%
government consumption:19.2%
investment in fixed capital:20.8%
investment in inventories:0.5%
exports of goods and services:56.9%
imports of goods and services:-52%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:1.6%
industry:28.6%
services:69.8% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber


Industries:
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism


Industrial production growth rate:
0.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158

Labor force:
3.737 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:5.5%
industry:26%
services:68.5% (2012 est.)


Unemployment rate:
4.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
4.4% (2012 est.)


Population below poverty line:
6.2% (2012)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:4%
highest 10%:22% (2011)


Distribution of family income - Gini index:
26.3 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 132
31 (1995)


    Budget:
revenues:$200 billion
expenditures:$212.1 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
47.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118


Public debt:
75.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
74.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
note:this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
2.6% (2012 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
2.2% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
2.5% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$204.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
$201.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
note:see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders


Stock of broad money:
$419 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
$414 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$544.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
$543 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$106 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Current account balance:
$10.6 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
$7.085 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$165.6 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$160.1 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs


Exports - partners:
Germany 29.31%, Italy 6.25%, Switzerland 5.08%, United States 5%, France 4.27% (2013 est.)


Imports:
$167.9 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
$163.2 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs


Imports - partners:
Germany 40.39%, Italy 6.13%, Switzerland 5.36% (2013 est.)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$27.21 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$25.16 billion (31 December 2011 est.)


Debt - external:
$812 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
$786.1 billion (31 December 2011)


Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$269.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$265.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$345.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
$331.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7634 (2013 est.)
0.7752 (2012 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)

Energy

Electricity - production:
69 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40


Electricity - consumption:
63.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40


Electricity - exports:
20.46 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9


Electricity - imports:
23.26 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
21.11 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
27.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 185


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
59.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
12.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18


Crude oil - production:
29,480 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66


Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80


Crude oil - imports:
139,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
85 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72


Refined petroleum products - production:
159,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
210,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55


Refined petroleum products - exports:
43,010 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61


Refined petroleum products - imports:
117,100 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47


Natural gas - production:
1.906 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59


Natural gas - consumption:
9 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51


Natural gas - exports:
34.75 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13


Natural gas - imports:
42.56 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13


Natural gas - proved reserves:
10.82 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
67.18 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
3.342 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 46


Telephones - mobile cellular:
13.59 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 62


Telephone system:
general assessment:highly developed and efficient
domestic:fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available
international:country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007)



    Broadcast media:
Austria's public broadcaster, Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), was the main broadcast source until commercial radio and TV service was introduced in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German TV stations (2008)


Internet country code:
.at


Internet hosts:
3.512 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 30


Internet users:
6.143 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 43

Transportation

Airports
52 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 90


Airports - with paved runways
total:24
over 3,047 m:1
2,438 to 3,047 m:5
1,524 to 2,437 m:1
914 to 1,523 m:4
under 914 m:13 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:28
1,524 to 2,437 m:1
914 to 1,523 m:3
under 914 m:
24 (2013)


Heliports
1 (2013)


Pipelines
gas 4,736 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2013)


    Railways
total:6,399 kmcountry comparison to the world: 29
standard gauge:5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,853 km electrified)
narrow gauge:384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km 0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)


Roadways
total:124,508 kmcountry comparison to the world: 39
paved:124,508 km (includes 1,719 km of expressways) (2012)


Waterways
358 km (2011)
country comparison to the world: 90


Merchant marine
registered in other countries:3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)country comparison to the world: 137


Ports and terminals
river port(s):Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)

Military

Military branches
Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)


Military service age and obligation
registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory service; males under the age of 35 must complete basic military training (6 month duration); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:1,941,110
females age 16-49:1,910,434 (2010 est.)


Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:1,579,862
females age 16-49:1,554,130 (2010 est.)


    Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:48,108
female:45,752 (2010 est.)


Military expenditures
0.81% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 115
0.82% of GDP (2011)
0.81% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
none


Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees (country of origin):19,577 (Russia); 11,906 (Afghanistan) (2013)
stateless persons:542 (2012)



    Illicit drugs
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs
 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook

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Country Guide

Denmark Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)


Geographic coordinates:
56 00 N, 10 00 E


Map references:
Europe


Area:
total:43,094 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 134
land:42,434 sq km
water:660 sq km
note:includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland


Area - comparative:
slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts


Land boundaries:
total:140 km
border countries:Germany 140 km


Coastline:
7,314 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:24 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation


Climate:
temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers


Terrain:
low and flat to gently rolling plains


    Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Lammefjord -7 m
highest point:Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj 171 m


Natural resources:
petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand


Land use:
arable land:57.99%
permanent crops:0.09%
other:41.91% (2011)


Irrigated land:
4,354 sq km (2007)


Total renewable water resources:
6 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
6 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes


Environment - current issues:
air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Dane(s)
adjective:Danish


Ethnic groups:
Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali


Languages:
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)


Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran (official) 80%, Muslim 4%, other (denominations of less than 1% each, includes Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Serbian Orthodox Christian, Jewish, Baptist, and Buddhist) 16% (2012 est.)


Population:
5,569,077 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 115


Age structure:
0-14 years:17% (male 485,115/female 460,682)
15-24 years:13.1% (male 371,258/female 355,984)
25-54 years:39.2% (male 1,087,993/female 1,093,545)
55-64 years:12.4% (male 343,685/female 347,732)
65 years and over:18% (male 457,175/female 565,908) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:55.6 %
youth dependency ratio:27.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:28.5 %
potential support ratio:3.5 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:41.6 years
male:40.7 years
female:42.5 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
0.22% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 178


Birth rate:
10.22 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 190


Death rate:
10.23 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 46


Net migration rate:
2.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 43


Urbanization:
urban population:86.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
COPENHAGEN (capital) 1.206 million (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
total population:0.97 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
29.1 (2012 est.)


Maternal mortality rate:
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:4.1 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 197
male:4.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female:4.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


    Life expectancy at birth:
total population:79.09 yearscountry comparison to the world: 47
male:76.68 years
female:81.64 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
1.73 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 168


Health expenditures:
11.2% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
3.42 physicians/1,000 population (2007)


Hospital bed density:
3.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.2% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 111


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
5,300 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 122


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 133


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
18.2% (2008)country comparison to the world: 107


Education expenditures:
8.7% of GDP (2009)country comparison to the world: 8

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:99%
male:99%
female:99% (2003 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:17 years
male:16 years
female:18 years (2010)


Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:14.2%country comparison to the world: 89
male:14.8%
female:14.1% (2012)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form:Denmark
local long form:Kongeriget Danmark
local short form:Danmark


Government type:
constitutional monarchy


Capital:
name:Copenhagen
geographic coordinates:55 40 N, 12 35 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
note:applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components


Administrative divisions:
metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital), Midtjylland (Central Jutland), Nordjylland (North Jutland), Sjaelland (Zealand), Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)


Independence:
ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormson); 5 June 1849 (became a constitutional monarchy)


National holiday:
none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day


Constitution:
previous 1665; latest adopted 5 June 1849; amended several times, last in 2009 (2009)


Legal system:
civil law; judicial review of legislative acts


International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born on 26 May 1968)
head of government:Prime Minister Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT (since 3 October 2011)
cabinet:Council of State appointed by the monarch
elections:the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch


Legislative branch:
unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms unless the Folketing is dissolved earlier)
elections:last held on 15 September 2011 (next to be held by September 2015)
election results:percent of vote by party - V 26.7%, SDP 24.9%, DF 12.3%, SLP 9.5%, SF 9.2%, O 6.7%, LA 5%, C 4.9%, other 0.8%; seats by party - V 47, SDP 44, DF 22, SLP 17, SF 16, O 12, LA 9, C 8; note - does not include the two seats from Greenland and the two seats from the Faroe Islands


Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)
judge selection and term of office:judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Minister of Justice with the advice of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70
subordinate courts:Special Court of Indictment and Revision; 2 High Courts; Maritime and Commercial Court; county courts


    Political parties and leaders:
Conservative People's Party or C [Lars BARFOED]
Danish People's Party or DF [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]
Liberal Alliance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN]
Liberal Party or V [Lars LOKKE RAMUSSEN]
Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or O [collective leadership, spokesperson Johanne SCHMIDT-NIELSEN]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]
Social Liberal Party or SLP [Margrethe VESTAGER]
Socialist People's Party or SF [Annette VILHELMSEN]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [President Jorn Neergaard LARSEN]


International organization participation:
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Peter TAKSOE-JENSEN (since 1 September 2010)
chancery:3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 234-4300
FAX:[1] (202) 328-1470
consulate(s) general:Chicago, New York


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Rufus GIFFORD (since 15 August 2013)
embassy:Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen 0
mailing address:Unit 5280, DPO, AE 09716
telephone:[45] 33 41 71 00
FAX:[45] 35 43 02 23


Flag description:
red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary, but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th century battle; caught up by the Danish king before it ever touched the earth, this heavenly talisman inspired the royal army to victory; in actuality, the flag may derive from a crusade banner or ensign


National symbol(s):
lion; mute swan


National anthem:
name:'Der er et yndigt land' (There is a Lovely Land); 'Kong Christian' (King Christian)

lyrics/music:Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown
note:Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; 'Der er et yndigt land,' adopted 1844, is a national anthem, while 'Kong Christian,' adopted 1780, serves as both a national and royal anthem; 'Kong Christian' is also known as 'Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast' (King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast) and 'Kongesangen' (The King's Anthem); within Denmark, the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present, only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark, the royal anthem is played, unless the national anthem is requested

Economy

Economy - overview:
This thoroughly modern market economy features a high-tech agricultural sector, state-of-the-art industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping and renewable energy, and a high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a member of the European Union (EU); Danish legislation and regulations conform to EU standards on almost all issues. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus, but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. Within the EU, Denmark is among the strongest supporters of trade liberalization. After a long consumption-driven upswing, Denmark's economy began slowing in 2007 with the end of a housing boom. Housing prices dropped markedly in 2008-09 and, following a short respite in 2010, have since continued to decline. Household indebtedness is still relatively high at more than 275% of gross disposable income in the first half of 2013. The global financial crisis has exacerbated this cyclical slowdown through increased borrowing costs and lower export demand, consumer confidence, and investment. Denmark made a modest recovery in 2010, in part because of increased government spending; however, the country experienced a technical recession in late 2010-early 2011. Historically low levels of unemployment rose sharply with the recession and have remained at about 6% in 2010-13, based on the national measure, about two-thirds average EU unemployment. An impending decline in the ratio of workers to retirees will be a major long-term issue. Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the budget balance swung into deficit in 2009, where it remains. In spite of the deficits, the new coalition government delivered a modest stimulus to the economy in 2012. Nonetheless, Denmark's fiscal position remains among the strongest in the EU with public debt at about 46% of GDP in 2013. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), so far Denmark has decided not to join, although the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$211.3 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$211.1 billion (2012 est.)
$211.9 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$324.3 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
0.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
-0.4% (2012 est.)
1.1% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$37,800 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$37,800 (2012 est.)
$38,100 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
24.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
22.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
23.3% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:49.1%
government consumption:28.8%
investment in fixed capital:17.7%
investment in inventories:0.2%
exports of goods and services:53.4%
imports of goods and services:-49.2%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:1.5%
industry:21.7%
services:76.8% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish


Industries:
iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment


Industrial production growth rate:
1.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143

Labor force:
2.795 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:2.6%
industry:20.3%
services:77.1% (2011 est.)


Unemployment rate:
6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
6% (2012 est.)


Population below poverty line:
13.4% (2011)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:1.9%
highest 10%:28.7% (2007)


    Distribution of family income - Gini index:
24.8 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
24.7 (1992)


Budget:
revenues:$181.4 billion
expenditures:$189.7 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
55.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103


Public debt:
47% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
45.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
note:data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
2.4% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
0.75% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
0.75% (31 December 2010 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
3.6% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
3.6% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$147.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
$150.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$180.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
$174.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$675 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$664.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA (31 December 2012 est.)


Current account balance:
$19.6 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
$17.44 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$106 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
$104.9 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture, windmills


Exports - partners:
Germany 15.9%, Sweden 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6.6%, Norway 6.3%, Netherlands 4.6% (2012)


Imports:
$98.45 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
$96.77 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods


Imports - partners:
Germany 21.2%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 7.5%, China 6.4%, Norway 6.3%, UK 5.6% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$89.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$89.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Debt - external:
$586.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$571.4 billion (31 December 2011)


Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$146 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
$147.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$248.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
$241.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -
5.695 (2013 est.)
5.7925 (2012 est.)
5.6241 (2010 est.)
5.361 (2009)
5.0236 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
33.71 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63


Electricity - consumption:
33.56 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60


Electricity - exports:
10.71 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20


Electricity - imports:
15.92 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
13.71 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
63% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
0.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
36.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2


Crude oil - production:
207,400 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39


Crude oil - exports:
155,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32


Crude oil - imports:
55,010 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
805 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43


Refined petroleum products - production:
145,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
160,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64


Refined petroleum products - exports:
104,400 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43


Refined petroleum products - imports:
124,100 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45


Natural gas - production:
6.412 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50


Natural gas - consumption:
4.994 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63


Natural gas - exports:
2.983 billion cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39


Natural gas - imports:
254 million cu m (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68


Natural gas - proved reserves:
42.98 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
46.66 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
2.431 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 53


Telephones - mobile cellular:
6.6 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 97


Telephone system:
general assessment:excellent telephone and telegraph services
domestic:buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, multiple cellular mobile communications systems
international:country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2011)



    Broadcast media:
strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 4 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 15 digital audio broadcasting stations, and about 15 web-based radio stations; approximately 250 commercial and community radio stations (2007)


Internet country code:
.dk


Internet hosts:
4.297 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 25


Internet users:
4.75 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 48

Transportation

Airports
80 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 68


Airports - with paved runways
total:28
over 3,047 m:2
2,438 to 3,047 m:7
1,524 to 2,437 m:5
914 to 1,523 m:12
under 914 m:2 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:52
914 to 1,523 m:5
under 914 m:
47 (2013)


Pipelines
condensate 11 km; gas 4,377 km; oil 647 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2013)


Railways
total:2,667 kmcountry comparison to the world: 62
standard gauge:2,667 km 1.435-m gauge (640 km electrified) (2008)


Roadways
total:73,929 kmcountry comparison to the world: 63
paved:73,929 km (includes 1,143 km of expressways) (2012)


    Waterways
400 km (2010)
country comparison to the world: 88


Merchant marine
total:367country comparison to the world: 27
by type:bulk carrier 4, cargo 48, carrier 1, chemical tanker 125, container 94, liquefied gas 4, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 40, petroleum tanker 36, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 3
foreign-owned:27 (Germany 9, Greenland 1, Norway 2, Sweden 15)
registered in other countries:582 (Antigua and Barbuda 20, Bahamas 69, Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Curacao 1, Cyprus 6, Egypt 1, France 11, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 42, Isle of Man 30, Italy 4, Jamaica 1, Liberia 8, Lithuania 8, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 1, Malta 34, Marshall Islands 7, Moldova 1, Netherlands 27, Norway 7, Panama 41, Philippines 2, Portugal 4, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9, Singapore 149, Sweden 4, UK 43, Uruguay 1, US 31, Venezuela 1, unknown 4) (2010)



Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Baltic Sea - Aarhus, Copenhagen, Fredericia, Kalundborg; North Sea - Esbjerg,
river port(s):Aalborg (Langerak)
dry bulk cargo port(s):Ensted (coal)
cruise port(s):Copenhagen

Military

Military branches
Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet, Arctic Command, Tactical Air Command, Home Guard (2010)


Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:1,236,337
females age 16-49:1,224,182 (2010 est.)


Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:1,014,560
females age 16-49:1,003,921 (2010 est.)


    Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:37,913
female:35,865 (2010 est.)


Military expenditures
1.41% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 71
1.35% of GDP (2011)
1.41% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue to study proposals for full independence; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission


    Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons:3,623 (2012)

 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook