Country Guide

Kenya Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania


Geographic coordinates:
1 00 N, 38 00 E


Map references:
Africa


Area:
total:580,367 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 49
land:569,140 sq km
water:11,227 sq km


Area - comparative:
Area comparison map: '>


Land boundaries:
total:3,477 km
border countries:Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, South Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km


Coastline:
536 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation


Climate:
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior


Terrain:
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west


    Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:Mount Kenya 5,199 m


Natural resources:
limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower


Land use:
arable land:9.48%
permanent crops:1.12%
other:89.4% (2011)


Irrigated land:
1,032 sq km (2003)


Total renewable water resources:
30.7 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
30.7 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons


Environment - current issues:
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Kenyan(s)
adjective:Kenyan


Ethnic groups:
Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%


Languages:
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages


Religions:
Christian 82.5% (Protestant 47.4%, Catholic 23.3%, other 11.8%), Muslim 11.1%, Traditionalists 1.6%, other 1.7%, none 2.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 census)


Population:
45,010,056country comparison to the world: 31
note:estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)



Age structure:
0-14 years:42.1% (male 9,494,983/female 9,435,795)
15-24 years:18.7% (male 4,197,382/female 4,202,399)
25-54 years:32.8% (male 7,458,665/female 7,302,534)
55-64 years:3.7% (male 751,296/female 910,523)
65 years and over:2.7% (male 548,431/female 708,048) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:81 %
youth dependency ratio:76.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:4.9 %
potential support ratio:20.4 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:19.1 years
male:18.9 years
female:19.2 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
2.11% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 47


Birth rate:
28.27 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 45


Death rate:
7 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 132


Net migration rate:
-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 121


Urbanization:
urban population:24% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:4.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
NAIROBI (capital) 3.363 million; Mombassa 972,000 (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.02 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years:1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.79 male(s)/female
total population:1 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
19.8


    Maternal mortality rate:
360 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:40.71 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 52
male:45.33 deaths/1,000 live births
female:35.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:63.52 yearscountry comparison to the world: 180
male:62.06 years
female:65.01 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
3.54 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 45


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
45.5% (2008/09)


Health expenditures:
4.5% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
0.18 physicians/1,000 population (2011)


Hospital bed density:
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 82.3% of population
rural: 55.1% of population
total: 61.7% of population
unimproved:
urban: 17.7% of population
rural: 44.9% of population
total: 38.3% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 31.3% of population
rural: 29.1% of population
total: 29.6% of population
unimproved:
urban: 68.7% of population
rural: 70.9% of population
total: 70.4% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
6.1% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 12


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1.646 million (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 4


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
57,500 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 7


Major infectious diseases:


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
4.2% (2008)country comparison to the world: 171


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
16.4% (2009)country comparison to the world: 42


Education expenditures:
6.7% of GDP (2010)country comparison to the world: 28

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:87.4%
male:90.6%
female:84.2% (2010 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:11 years
male:11 years
female:11 years (2009)


Child labor - children ages 5-14:

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Kenya
conventional short form:Kenya
local long form:Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya
local short form:Kenya
former:British East Africa


Government type:
republic


Capital:
name:Nairobi
geographic coordinates:1 17 S, 36 49 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Machakos, Makueni, Mandera, Marsabit, Meru, Migori, Mombasa, Murang'a, Nairobi City, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, Nyamira, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Samburu, Siaya, Taita/Taveta, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Trans Nzoia, Turkana, Uasin Gishu, Vihiga, Wajir, West Pokot


Independence:
12 December 1963 (from the UK)


National holiday:
Independence Day, 12 December (1963); Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963); Mashujaa Day, 20 October (2010)


Constitution:
previous 1963, 1969; latest drafted 6 May 2010, passed by referendum 4 August 2010, promulgated 27 August 2010 (2013)


Legal system:
mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review in a new Supreme Court established pursuant to the new constitution


International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - according to the 2008 power sharing agreement the position of prime minister was created though not well defined; consistent with the new constitution, the position was abolished after the March 2013 elections
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president
elections:president and deputy president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving a simple majority of votes, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the votes cast in each of more than half of the 47 counties to avoid a runoff; election last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2017 or 2018); note - the new constitution had set elections for August 2011 but elections were delayed to 2013
election results:President Uhuru KENYATTA elected in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA 50.1%, Raila ODINGA 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI 4.0%, other 2.2%


Legislative branch:
bicameral parliament consists of a Senate (67 seats of which 47 are elected and 20 are appointed) and a National Assembly (349 seats of which 290 are elected and 59 are appointed); members to serve five-year terms
elections:last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2017 or 2018)
election results:Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Jubilee coalition TNA 17, URP 12, NARC 1; CORD coalition ODM 17, Ford-K 5, WDM 5, FPK 1; Amani coalition KANU 3, UDF 3; unaffiliated APK 3; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODM 96, TNA 89, URP 75, WDM-K 26, UDF 12, FORD-K 10, KANU 6, NFK 6, APK 5, FORD-P 4, independents 4, other 16


Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and five judges)
judge selection and term of office:chief and deputy chief justices nominated by Judicial Service Commission (JSC) and appointed by president with approval of the National Assembly; other judges nominated by the JSC and appointed by president; chief justice serves nonrenewable 10-year terms or till age 70 whichever comes first; other judges serve till age 70
subordinate courts:High Court; Court of Appeal; courts martial; magistrates' courts; religious courts


    Political parties and leaders:
Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGO]
Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]
The National Party Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA]
National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya [Martha KARUA]
Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]
United Democratic Forum Party or UDF [Musalia MUDAVADI]
United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO]
Wiper Democratic Movement or WDM (formerly Orange Democratic Movement or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris MOHAMMED]


International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jean KAMAU
chancery:2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 387-6101
FAX:[1] (202) 462-3829
consulate(s) general:Los Angeles
consulate(s):New York


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Robert F. GODEC (since 16 January 2013)
embassy:US Embassy, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; P. O. Box 606 Village Market, Nairobi 00621
mailing address:American Embassy Nairobi, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-8900
telephone:[254] (20) 363-6000
FAX:[254] (20) 363-6157


Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center; black symbolizes the majority population, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green stands for natural wealth, and white for peace; the shield and crossed spears symbolize the defense of freedom


National symbol(s):
lion


National anthem:
name:'Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu' (Oh God of All Creation)

lyrics/music:Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE/traditional, adapted by Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE
note:adopted 1963; the anthem is based on a traditional Kenyan folk song

Economy

Economy - overview:
Kenya hKenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. Low infrastructure investment threatens Kenya's long-term position as the largest East African economy, although the Kenyatta administration has prioritized infrastructure development. International financial lenders and donors remain important to Kenya's economic growth and development. Unemployment is high at around 40%. The country has chronic budget deficits. Inflationary pressures and sharp currency depreciation peaked in early 2012 but have since abated following low global food and fuel prices and monetary interventions by the Central Bank. Recent terrorism in Kenya and the surrounding region threatens Kenya's important tourism industry. Kenya, in conjunction with neighboring Ethiopia and South Sudan, intends to begin construction on a transport corridor and oil pipeline into the port of Lamu in 2014.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$79.9 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
$76.03 billion (2012 est.)
$72.71 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$45.31 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
5.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
4.6% (2012 est.)
4.4% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,800 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197
$1,700 (2013 est.)
$1,700 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
10.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
9.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
10.8% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:79.2%
government consumption:18.2%
investment in fixed capital:21.3%
investment in inventories:-0.3%
exports of goods and services:28.5%
imports of goods and services:-47%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:29.3%
industry:17.4%
services:53.3% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, fish, pork, poultry, eggs


Industries:
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism


Industrial production growth rate:
5.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55

Labor force:
19.67 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:75%
industry and services:25% (2007 est.)


Unemployment rate:
40% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
40% (2001 est.)


Population below poverty line:
43.4% (2012 est.)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:1.8%
highest 10%:37.8% (2005)


Distribution of family income - Gini index:
42.5 (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
44.9 (1997)


    Budget:
revenues:$7.866 billion
expenditures:$9.742 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
17.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151


Public debt:
53.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
52.5% of GDP (2012 est.)


Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
9.4% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
7% (31 December 2010 est.)
NA% (31 December 2009 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
17.1% (31 December 2013 est.)
NA% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$9.198 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
$8.264 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$19.37 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
$17.08 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$23.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
$20.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$14.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Current account balance:
-$4.495 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
-$4.31 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$6.58 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
$6.228 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement


Exports - partners:
Uganda 10.3%, Tanzania 10%, Netherlands 7.7%, UK 7.2%, US 6.3%, Egypt 4.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.4% (2012)


Imports:
$15.86 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
$15.1 billion (2011 est.)


Imports - commodities:
machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics


Imports - partners:
India 20.9%, China 15.4%, UAE 9.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.9% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$5.541 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$5.712 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Debt - external:
$11.96 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$11.06 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$3.273 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
$2.877 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$335.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
$315.4 million (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar -
86.73 (2013 est.)
84.53 (2012 est.)
79.233 (2010 est.)
77.352 (2009)
68.358 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
7.33 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105


Electricity - consumption:
6.15 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106


Electricity - exports:
31 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85


Electricity - imports:
31 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
1.698 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
41.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
44.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
13.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16


Crude oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182


Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135


Crude oil - imports:
31,040 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148


Refined petroleum products - production:
32,240 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
79,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86


Refined petroleum products - exports:
1,266 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104


Refined petroleum products - imports:
52,160 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68


Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147


Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160


Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126


Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211


Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
12.62 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
251,600 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 124


Telephones - mobile cellular:
30.732 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 33


Telephone system:
general assessment:inadequate; fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient; trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system
domestic:sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, is slated for privatization; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 65 per 100 persons in 2011
international:country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2011)



    Broadcast media:
about a half-dozen large-scale privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster provide service nation-wide; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; a large number of private radio stations broadcast on a national level along with over 100 private and non-profit provincial stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2014)


Internet country code:
.ke


Internet hosts:
71,018 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 88


Internet users:
3.996 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 59

Transportation

Airports
197 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 28


Airports - with paved runways
total:16
over 3,047 m:5
2,438 to 3,047 m:2
1,524 to 2,437 m:2
914 to 1,523 m:6
under 914 m:1 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:181
1,524 to 2,437 m:14
914 to 1,523 m:107
under 914 m:
60 (2013)


Pipelines
oil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2013)


Railways
total:2,066 kmcountry comparison to the world: 71
narrow gauge:2,066 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)


    Roadways
total:160,878 kmcountry comparison to the world: 30
paved:11,189 km
unpaved:149,689 km
note:includes 98.941 km of urban and other roads (2013)


Waterways
none specifically, the only significant inland waterway in the country is the part of Lake Victoria within the boundaries of Kenya; Kisumu is the main port and has ferry connections to Uganda and Tanzania (2011)
'>
registered in other countries:5 (Comoros 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, unknown 1) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 124


Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Kisumu, Mombasa

Military

Military branches
Kenya Defence Forces: Kenya Army, Kenya Air Force, Kenya Navy (2012)


Military service age and obligation
18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy); applicants must be Kenyan citizens and provide a national identity card (obtained at age 18) and a school-leaving certificate; women serve under the same terms and conditions as men; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:9,768,140
females age 16-49:9,466,257 (2010 est.)


Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:6,361,268
females age 16-49:6,106,870 (2010 est.)


    Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:422,104
female:416,927 (2010 est.)


Military expenditures
1.96% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 41
1.88% of GDP (2011)
1.96% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to an estimated 550 million refugees, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the 'Ilemi Triangle,' which Kenya has administered since colonial times


Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees (country of origin):425,879 (Somalia); 84,045 (South Sudan); 29,723 (Ethiopia); 15,290 (Democratic Republic of Congo - includes registered asylum seekers); 8,769 (Sudan - includes registered asylum seekers); 5,825 (Burundi - includes registered asylum seekers) (2014)
IDPs:412,000 (represents people displaced since the 1990s by ethnic and political violence and land disputes and who sought refuge mostly in camps; persons who took refuge in host communities or were evicted in urban areas are not included in the data; data is not available on pastoralists displaced by cattle rustling, violence, natural disasters, and development projects; the largest displacement resulted from 2007-08 post-election violence (2013)
stateless persons:20,000 (2012); note - the stateless population is composed of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs; the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago; they did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963; only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs; Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are lumped in with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards



    Trafficking in persons



Illicit drugs
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook