Country Guide

Mozambique Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania


Geographic coordinates:
18 15 S, 35 00 E


Map references:
Africa


Area:
total:799,380 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 35
land:786,380 sq km
water:13,000 sq km


Area - comparative:
slightly less than twice the size of California


Land boundaries:
total:4,571 km
border countries:Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km


Coastline:
2,470 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm


Climate:
tropical to subtropical


Terrain:
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west


Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:Monte Binga 2,436 m


    Natural resources:
coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite


Land use:
arable land:6.51%
permanent crops:0.25%
other:93.24% (2011)


Irrigated land:
1,181 sq km (2003)


Total renewable water resources:
217.1 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
217.1 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces


Environment - current issues:
a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective:Mozambican


Ethnic groups:
African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%


Languages:
Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)


Religions:
Roman Catholic 28.4%, Muslim 17.9%, Zionist Christian 15.5%, Protestant 12.2% (includes Pentecostal 10.9% and Anglican 1.3%), other 6.7%, none 18.7%, unspecified 0.7% (2007 est.)


Population:
24,692,144country comparison to the world: 51
note:estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)



Age structure:
0-14 years:45.3% (male 5,627,116/female 5,566,260)
15-24 years:21.3% (male 2,566,298/female 2,689,695)
25-54 years:27% (male 3,113,095/female 3,553,266)
55-64 years:3.5% (male 404,988/female 448,814)
65 years and over:2.9% (male 332,013/female 390,599) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:94.5 %
youth dependency ratio:88.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:6.4 %
potential support ratio:15.6 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:16.9 years
male:16.3 years
female:17.5 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
2.45% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 34


Birth rate:
38.83 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 11


Death rate:
12.34 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 25


Net migration rate:
-2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 167


Urbanization:
urban population:31.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
MAPUTO (capital) 1.15 million; Matola 790,000 (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.02 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years:0.95 male(s)/female
25-54 years:0.88 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.85 male(s)/female
total population:0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
18.9


    Maternal mortality rate:
490 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:72.42 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 13
male:74.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female:70.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:52.6 yearscountry comparison to the world: 213
male:51.85 years
female:53.37 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
5.27 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 12


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
11.6% (2011)


Health expenditures:
6.6% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2008)


Hospital bed density:
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 80.3% of population
rural: 35% of population
total: 49.2% of population
unimproved:
urban: 19.7% of population
rural: 65% of population
total: 50.8% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 43.6% of population
rural: 10.7% of population
total: 21% of population
unimproved:
urban: 56.4% of population
rural: 89.3% of population
total: 79% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
11.1% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 8


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1,554,700 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 5


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
76,800 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 5


Major infectious diseases:


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
4.9% (2008)country comparison to the world: 158


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
15.6% (2011)country comparison to the world: 46


Education expenditures:
5% of GDP (2006)country comparison to the world: 78

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:56.1%
male:70.8%
female:42.8% (2010 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:10 years
male:10 years
female:9 years (2011)


Child labor - children ages 5-14:

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form:Mozambique
local long form:Republica de Mocambique
local short form:Mocambique
former:Portuguese East Africa


Government type:
republic


Capital:
name:Maputo
geographic coordinates:25 57 S, 32 35 E
time difference:UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia


Independence:
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)


National holiday:
Independence Day, 25 June (1975)


Constitution:
previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004; note - draft amendments planned for parliamentary review in late 2013 (2013)


Legal system:
mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, and customary law; note - in rural, predominately Muslim villages with no formal legal system, Islamic law may be applied


International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Armando Emilio GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)
head of government:Prime Minister Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA (since 8 October 2012)
cabinet:Cabinet
elections:president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for three terms); election last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:Armando GUEBUZA reelected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 76.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 14.9%, Daviz SIMANGO 8.8%


Legislative branch:
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections:last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results:percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8


Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges)
note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts:Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts


    Political parties and leaders:
Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]
Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]


International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Amelia Narciso Matos SUMBANA (since 2 November 2009)
chancery:1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:[1] (202) 293-7146
FAX:[1] (202) 835-0245


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS (since 6 July 2012)
embassy:Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo
mailing address:P. O. Box 783, Maputo
telephone:[258] (21) 492797
FAX:[258] (21) 490114


Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism


National anthem:
name:'Patria Amada' (Lovely Fatherland)

lyrics/music:Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown
note:adopted 2002

Economy

Economy - overview:
At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remained dependent upon foreign assistance for 40% of its 2012 annual budget and over half the population remained below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force and smallholder agricultural productivity and productivity growth is weak. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a signficant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique. Compact projects will end in September 2013 and are focusing on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010, after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on people, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2013, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to fuel continued high growth in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$28.15 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
$26.31 billion (2012 est.)
$24.49 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$14.67 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
7.4% (2012 est.)
7.3% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,200 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
$1,200 (2012 est.)
$1,100 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
-5.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
0.8% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:71.4%
government consumption:16.9%
investment in fixed capital:33.8%
investment in inventories:-1.6%
exports of goods and services:30%
imports of goods and services:-50.5%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:28.7%
industry:24.9%
services:46.4% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry


Industries:
aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages


Industrial production growth rate:
8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24

Labor force:
10.55 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:81%
industry:6%
services:13% (1997 est.)


    Unemployment rate:
17% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
21% (1997 est.)


Population below poverty line:
52% (2009 est.)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:1.9%
highest 10%:36.7% (2008)


Distribution of family income - Gini index:
45.6 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 37
47.3 (2002)


Budget:
revenues:$4.808 billion
expenditures:$6.101 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
32.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-8.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201


Public debt:
46.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
42.2% of GDP (2012 est.)


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.4% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
2.1% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
9.5% (17 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
3.25% (31 December 2010 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
15.6% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
16.81% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$4.665 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
$4.335 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$6.856 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
$6.242 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$4.438 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
$3.951 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA


Current account balance:
-$5.884 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
-$5.168 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$3.92 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
$3.47 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity


Exports - partners:
South Africa 31.3%, Belgium 12.8%, China 9%, Italy 7.9%, Spain 6.2%, India 5.8% (2012)


Imports:
$7.068 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$6.168 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles


Imports - partners:
South Africa 30.5%, China 12.3%, India 11.6%, US 5.1%, Portugal 4.8%, Australia 4.5% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$2.99 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
$2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Debt - external:
$6.276 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$4.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
meticais (MZM) per US dollar -
30 (2013 est.)
28.383 (2012 est.)
33.96 (2010 est.)
26.28 (2009)
24.125 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83


Electricity - consumption:
10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89


Electricity - exports:
9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21


Electricity - imports:
8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
2.428 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206


Crude oil - production:
20 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127


Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158


Crude oil - imports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168


Refined petroleum products - production:
992 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
19,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128


Refined petroleum products - exports:
953 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107


Refined petroleum products - imports:
16,140 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116


Natural gas - production:
3.82 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55


Natural gas - consumption:
80 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107


Natural gas - exports:
3.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38


Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100


Natural gas - proved reserves:
127.4 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
3.426 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
88,100 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 148


Telephones - mobile cellular:
8.108 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 91


Telephone system:
general assessment:a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges
domestic:stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons
international:country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)



    Broadcast media:
1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)


Internet country code:
.mz


Internet hosts:
89,737 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 82


Internet users:
613,600 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 113

Transportation

Airports
98 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 57


Airports - with paved runways
total:21
over 3,047 m:1
2,438 to 3,047 m:2
1,524 to 2,437 m:9
914 to 1,523 m:5
under 914 m:4 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:77
2,438 to 3,047 m:1
1,524 to 2,437 m:9
914 to 1,523 m:29
under 914 m:
38 (2013)


Pipelines
gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)


    Railways
total:4,787 kmcountry comparison to the world: 38
narrow gauge:4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)


Roadways
total:30,331 kmcountry comparison to the world: 96
paved:6,303 km
unpaved:24,028 km (2009)


Waterways
460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 86


Merchant marine
total:2country comparison to the world: 143
by type:cargo 2
foreign-owned:2 (Belgium 2) (2010)



Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Military

Military branches
Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)


Military service age and obligation
registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:4,613,367 (2010 est.)

    Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:2,677,473
females age 16-49:2,941,073 (2010 est.)


Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:274,602
female:280,008 (2010 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration


    Illicit drugs
southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook

LookForAttorney.com | Country Guide of Sudan

Country Guide

Sudan Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea


Geographic coordinates:
15 00 N, 30 00 E


Map references:
Africa


Area:
total:1,861,484 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 16
land:NA
water:NA


Area - comparative:
slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US


Land boundaries:
total:6,751 km
border countries:Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km
note:Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan


Coastline:
853 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
contiguous zone:18 nm
continental shelf:200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation


Climate:
hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)


    Terrain:
generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north


Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Red Sea 0 m
highest point:Jabal Marrah 3,071 m


Natural resources:
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower


Land use:
arable land:6.76%
permanent crops:0.07%
other:93.17% (2011)


Irrigated land:
18,900 sq km (2010)


Total renewable water resources:
64.5 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
64.5 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
dust storms and periodic persistent droughts


Environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
dominated by the Nile and its tributaries

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective:Sudanese


Ethnic groups:
Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata


Languages:
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur


Religions:
Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority


Population:
35,482,233 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 37


Age structure:
0-14 years:40.8% (male 7,356,059/female 7,131,497)
15-24 years:20.2% (male 3,704,700/female 3,476,847)
25-54 years:31.8% (male 5,465,816/female 5,800,619)
55-64 years:3.9% (male 737,831/female 652,428)
65 years and over:3.3% (male 633,083/female 523,353) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:79 %
youth dependency ratio:73.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:5.9 %
potential support ratio:17.1 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:19.1 years
male:18.9 years
female:19.4 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
1.78% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 68


Birth rate:
30.01 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 42


Death rate:
7.87 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 104


Net migration rate:
-4.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 192


Urbanization:
urban population:33.2% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
KHARTOUM (capital) 4.632 million (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.03 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1.07 male(s)/female
25-54 years:0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years:1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over:1.24 male(s)/female
total population:1.02 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Maternal mortality rate:
730 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:52.86 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 34
male:58.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female:47.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


    Life expectancy at birth:
total population:63.32 yearscountry comparison to the world: 185
male:61.27 years
female:65.46 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
3.92 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 40


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
9% (2010)


Health expenditures:
8.4% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2008)


Hospital bed density:
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 66% of population
rural: 50.2% of population
total: 55.5% of population
unimproved:
urban: 34% of population
rural: 49.8% of population
total: 44.5% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 43.9% of population
rural: 13.4% of population
total: 23.6% of population
unimproved:
urban: 56.1% of population
rural: 86.6% of population
total: 76.4% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.1% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 41


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
260,000 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 22


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
12,000 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 24


Major infectious diseases:


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
6% (2008)country comparison to the world: 150


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
31.7% (2006)country comparison to the world: 12


Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:71.9%
male:80.7%
female:63.2%
note:pre-secession of South Sudan (2011 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:4 years (2000)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan
conventional short form:Sudan
local long form:Jumhuriyat as-Sudan
local short form:As-Sudan
former:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan


Government type:
federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party (NCP), which seized power by military coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which between 2005 and 2011 provided a percentage of leadership posts to the southern Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan


Capital:
name:Khartoum
geographic coordinates:15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
17 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Kassala, Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Sharq Darfur (Eastern Darfur), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sinnar, Wasat Darfur (Central Darfur)


Independence:
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)


National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 January (1956)


Constitution:
previous 1998; latest (interim) adopted 6 July 2005, effective 9 July 2005; note - in 2011, the Government of Sudan initiated a process for drafting a new constitution (2013)


Legal system:
mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law


International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008


Suffrage:
17 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President BAKRI Hassan Salih, Second Vice President Hasabu Mohamed ABDEL RAHMIN (both since 3 December 2013) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President BAKRI Hassan Salih, Second Vice President Hasabu Mohamed ABDEL RAHMAN (both since 9 December 2013)
cabinet:Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the NCP (for
more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections:election on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR re-elected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%
note:al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996


Legislative branch:
bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)
elections:last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, SPLM 99, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 2, SPLM-DC 2, other 7, vacant 4; composition of National Assembly following South Sudan's independence - seats by party - NCP 317, SPLM 8, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 1, UP 1, UNP 1, UCLP 1, MB 1, independent 3, vacant 8
note:the mandate of the members from the south was terminated upon independence by the Republic of South Sudan effective 9 July 2011 and membership in Sudan's National Assembly was reduced to 354; it is unclear whether this total will be retained for the next election or whether the previous total of 450 will be reconstituted


    Judicial branch:
highest court(s):National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges; court includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary
judge selection and term of office:National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Service Commission, an independent body chaired by the chief justice of the republic and members including other judges and judicial and legal officials; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 7 years
subordinate courts:National Court of Appeals; other national courts (not specified in the 2005 Interim National Constitution as to national or local authority); township and rural (peoples') courts


Political parties and leaders:
Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]
Muslim Brotherhood or MB
National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]
National Umma Party or UP [Siddiq al-MAHDI]
Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]
Reform Now Party or RNP [Dr. Ghazi Salah ADDEEN]
Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB]
Sudanese Congress Party [Ibrahim Al Shiek ABDULRAHMAN]
Unionist Movement Party or UMP [Nagla AL-AZHARI]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) [Malik AGAR]


International organization participation:
ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elhafiz Eisa Abdulla ADAM
chancery:2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:[1] (202) 338-8565
FAX:[1] (202) 667-2406


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador (vacant); Deputy Chief of Mission Christopher ROWAN (since December 2012)
embassy:Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Street, Khartoum
mailing address:P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum; APO AE 09829
telephone:[249] (187)-0-(22000)
FAX:[249] (183) 774-137


Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity


National symbol(s):
secretary bird


National anthem:
name:'Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan' (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)

lyrics/music:Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN
note:adopted 1956; the song originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military

Economy

Economy - overview:
Sudan is an extremely poor country that has experienced protracted social conflict, civil war, and, in July 2011, the loss of three-quarters of its oil production due to the secession of South Sudan. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of rising oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Since the economic shock of South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to stabilize its economy and make up for the loss of foreign exchange earnings. The interruption of oil production in South Sudan in 2012 for over a year and the consequent loss of oil transit fees further exacerbated the fragile state of Sudan’s economy. Sudan is also subject to comprehensive US sanctions. Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world’s largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world’s total output. Agriculture continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012, but subsided to 25% in 2013. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture keep close to half of the population at or below the poverty line.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$89.97 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
$86.59 billion (2012 est.)
$89.51 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$52.5 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
3.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
-3.3% (2012 est.)
-1.8% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$2,600 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
$2,600 (2012 est.)
$2,700 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
26.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
18.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
26.8% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:64.1%
government consumption:11.3%
investment in fixed capital:23.2%
investment in inventories:3.4%
exports of goods and services:17.9%
imports of goods and services:-19.9%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:27.4%
industry:33.6%
services:39% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (manioc, tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame seeds; sheep and other livestock


Industries:
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly


Industrial production growth rate:
11% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11

Labor force:
11.92 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:80%
industry:7%
services:13% (1998 est.)


    Unemployment rate:
20% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
18.7% (2002 est.)


Population below poverty line:
46.5% (2009 est.)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:2.7%
highest 10%:26.7% (2009 est.)


Budget:
revenues:$4.513 billion
expenditures:$6.842 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
8.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159


Public debt:
111% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
101.7% of GDP (2012 est.)


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
25% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 219
37.4% (2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$8.035 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
$7.927 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$12.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
$13.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$9.785 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
$11.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA


Current account balance:
-$1.98 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
-$5.282 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$4.145 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
$3.368 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar


Exports - partners:
UAE 63.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, Ethiopia 5.3% (2012)


Imports:
$5.941 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
$8.123 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat


Imports - partners:
Macau 18.1%, India 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Egypt 6.7%, UAE 5.2% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$202.2 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
$192.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)


Debt - external:
$40.92 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
$39.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -
5.83 (2013 est.)
3.57 (2012 est.)
2.31 (2010 est.)
2.3 (2009)
2.1 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
7.193 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109


Electricity - consumption:
5.665 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110


Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198


Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
2.083 million kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
30.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
66.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62


Crude oil - production:
28,830 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69


Crude oil - exports:
97,270 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37


Crude oil - imports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
1.25 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40


Refined petroleum products - production:
124,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
95,450 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80


Refined petroleum products - exports:
14,950 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76


Refined petroleum products - imports:
4,349 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160


Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193


Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196


Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 185


Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131


Natural gas - proved reserves:
21.24 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
16.45 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
425,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 101


Telephones - mobile cellular:
27.659 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 38


Telephone system:
general assessment:well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic:consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international:country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)



    Broadcast media:
the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)


Internet country code:
.sd


Internet hosts:
99 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 210


Internet users:
4.2 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 56

Transportation

Airports
74 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 70


Airports - with paved runways
total:16
over 3,047 m:2
2,438 to 3,047 m:10
1,524 to 2,437 m:2
under 914 m:2 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:58
2,438 to 3,047 m:1
1,524 to 2,437 m:17
914 to 1,523 m:28
under 914 m:
12 (2013)


Heliports
6 (2013)


Pipelines
gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2013)


    Railways
total:5,978 kmcountry comparison to the world: 30
narrow gauge:4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)


Roadways
total:11,900 kmcountry comparison to the world: 128
paved:4,320 km
unpaved:7,580 km (2000)


Waterways
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2011)
country comparison to the world: 25


Merchant marine
total:2country comparison to the world: 140
by type:cargo 2 (2010)



Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Port Sudan

Military

Military branches
Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)


Military service age and obligation
18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:10,433,973
females age 16-49:10,411,443 (2010 est.)


    Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:6,475,530
females age 16-49:6,840,885 (2010 est.)


Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:532,030
female:512,476 (2010 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th century have penetrated all of the neighboring states; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; as of mid-2013, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan provided shelter for more than 600,000 Sudanese refugees; during the same period, Sudan, in turn, hosted about 115,000 Eritreans, 32,000 Chadians, and smaller numbers of Ethiopians and Central Africans; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia proceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan


    Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees (country of origin):109,640 (Eritrea); 41,666 (Chad) (2013); 85,705 (South Sudan) (2014)
IDPs:2.818 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2014)



Trafficking in persons

 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook